Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science

Construct validity and confirmatory factor analysis of the Self-Control and Self-Management Scale.
The Self-Control and Self-Management Scale (SCMS) was developed to be a content and construct valid measure of the self-regulatory model of self-management (Mezo, 2009). The purpose of the present study was to expand on previous findings by evaluating construct and factorial validity in a Canadian university sample (n = 410). The descriptive statistics and reliability estimates of the SCMS were replicated in the current sample. In terms of construct validity, convergent validity was obtained with mindfulness, positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, depression, stress, and anxiety. Likewise, discriminant construct validity was obtained with social desirability, irrational beliefs, and anxiety sensitivity. Furthermore, the three-factor structure of the SCMS was supported by a confirmatory factor analysis. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that the SCMS is a robust measure of self-management and should be considered a viable measure in future research and applied settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Neuropsychological and cognitive performance of homeless adults.
Many homeless people may have been exposed to events and situations that could potentially produce neuropsychological impairments. In the current study, 80 homeless participants underwent a battery of tests designed to 1) estimate long-standing established memory and intelligence, which was assumed to indicate prehomeless function and 2) measure current memory and intelligence function. Mental health screening and substance misuse data were also obtained. Results indicated that current memory and IQ were significantly lower than the estimated normal population means and also their prehomeless estimates. The memory score change was from 100.5 to 90.3 (p <.001) and IQ change from 98.8 to 95.6 (p = .038). The interaction between task type (memory or IQ) and measure (prehomeless or current) was also significant (p = .003), signifying that there was a greater change in the domain of memory function than in IQ. Many participants reported substance misuse and clinically significant mental health concerns. We conclude that the homeless individuals in our sample appear to have suffered a reduction in cognitive function, which may have occurred either during homelessness or prior to it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
A French adaptation of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale.
The factor structure of a French adaptation of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS-F) based on the original scale by Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, and Perry (1997) was examined in 287 community members. Confirmatory factor analysis evaluated three models: the three symptom clusters of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition ( DSM–IV ; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), the 4-factor King, Leskin, King, and Weathers (1998) model and the 4-factor Simms, Watson, and Doebbelling (2002) model. The data's fit to the DSM–IV model was unacceptable. Both 4-factor models demonstrated a good fit; however, the Simms et al. (2002) model with intrusions, avoidance, dysphoria, and hyperarousal factors showed the best fit. Scores calculated for the Simms et al. (2002) factors showed good reliability and validity. The study also examined lifetime stressful event reporting and PTSD severity. “Stressful” events not traditionally defined as “traumatic” (e.g., death of a loved one) were frequently endorsed as the respondent's most stressful event (i.e., index event) and corresponded to a possible PTSD diagnosis. Furthermore, PTSD severity was associated with negative emotional appraisals of the index event ( DSM–IV criterion A2 for PTSD) and lifetime cumulative stressful event intensity whereas PTSD severity was not associated with the degree of physical harm of the index event (criterion A1). Lifetime stressful experiences are discussed in light of evidence supporting a dysphoria component in PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Cognition and dysphoria in Egypt and Canada: An examination of the cognitive triad.
Beck's (1979) cognitive triad postulates that depressed and dysphoric individuals hold negative, automatic thoughts about the self, the world and the future. Despite the central role of this hypothesis in the cognitive theory for depression, this prediction has rarely been studied outside of the Western world. This study examined the relationship between dysphoria and a number of inventories designed to assess negative cognitions, in 336 participants from Egypt (n = 150) and Canada (n = 186). Dysphoric individuals in both countries harbored significantly more negative thoughts toward self, world and future than nondysphoric individuals. Additionally, Egyptian participants showed significantly more negative thoughts toward self and world than their Canadian counterparts even after controlling for dysphoria. This investigation supports the cross-cultural validity of the cognitive theory for depression. Strengths and limitations of the current study, as well as areas for future research, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The Canadian French Young Schema Questionnaire: Confirmatory factor analysis and validation in clinical and nonclinical samples.
This study aims to validate the French-Canadian adaptation of the third version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3; Young, 2005) and provide expected scores for nonclinical and Axis I patient samples. The Young Schema Questionnaire assesses early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and schema domains. The latest version of the questionnaire, the YSQ-S3, has received little attention, and its Canadian French adaptation has yet to be validated. In this study, a sample of 973 nonclinical participants completed the YSQ-S3, as well as assessments of their self-reported clinical or nonclinical status. A mixed Axis I patient group of 96 participants also completed the YSQ-S3 and additional clinical measures. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the EMSs but fails to support the schema domains. Expected scores for Axis I patients and confirmed nonclinical respondents are presented. As a whole, the French-Canadian version of the YSQ-S3 is a solid tool for the self-report measurement of EMSs. However, caution should be used in using and interpreting domain scores. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The effect of emotional dissonance and emotional intelligence on work–family interference.
In this study, we examined the relationship between emotional dissonance and work-to-family inference (WFI) and whether emotional intelligence moderated the association between emotional dissonance and WFI. Data were collected at two time points. At Time 1 (T1), we measured emotional dissonance, demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, number of children), negative affectivity, emotional intelligence, and WFI (T1). At Time 2 (T2), WFI was measured again. A total of 155 valid questionnaires were collected at two time points. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that emotional dissonance at T1 was a salient predictor of WFI at Time 2, even when WFI at Time 1 and other variables were controlled. One subdimension of emotional intelligence—namely regulation of emotion—was also significantly related to WFI at T2. However, emotional intelligence did not moderate the association between emotional dissonance and WFI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Prédicteurs des pratiques parentales: Cognitions sociales parentales et comportement des enfants TDAH. / Predictors of parenting practices: Parental social cognitions and behavior of children with ADHD.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parental social cognitions (parental causal attributions, parental self-efficacy) and the behavioural characteristics of their child (ADHD subtypes, comorbidity, oppositional and anxiety/shy symptoms). Participants were 110 families with a child with ADHD (ADHD-I : n = 31, ADHD-H : n = 11, ADHD-C : n = 68). Multiple regressions show that parental self-efficacy is associated with more use of appropriate discipline, praise and incentives, positive verbal discipline, and less use of harsh and inconsistent discipline and physical punishment. Results also show that parental causal attributions for the child's misbehaviour to their own efforts are a predictor of positive verbal discipline whereas parents' causal attributions for the child's misbehaviour to the child's lack of efforts are a predictor of harsh and inconsistent discipline. Parents' perception of their child's oppositional symptom is a predictor of appropriate discipline and positive verbal discipline. Finally, children's comorbidity is a predictor of harsh and inconsistent discipline. The findings of this study highlight the importance of parental self-efficacy, because from all the variables studied, it shows the strongest association with positive and negative parenting practices. No association between ADHD subtype and parenting practices were observed. Implications of these results are explored in the discussion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Propriétés psychométriques de l'adaptation francophone d'une mesure de symptômes des troubles anxieux auprès d'enfants et d'adolescents (SCARED-R). / Psychometric properties of the French adaptation of a measure for symptoms of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents (SCARED-R).
Anxiety disorders are very prevalent among children and adolescents and increase risk for comorbid diagnoses, psychopathology in adulthood and lower adaptive functioning in the areas of academic performance, peer relations and family interactions. Even if anxiety disorders are the principal psychopathologies present among children, there are few valid questionnaires available to assess all DSM–IV -specific anxiety disorder symptoms. Available French measures assess mainly anxiety symptoms and present poor discriminant validity among specific disorders. The aim of the present study was to translate and verify the psychometric properties of a French version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders–Revised (SCARED-R; Muris et al., 2004) among children from ages 8 to 15 years. French-Canadian children (N = 380) participated. Factorial, convergent and criteria validity, as well as reliability indices (e.g., internal consistency), were evaluated. Results showed that the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were adequate and superior to those of the English version. Only the obsessive–compulsive symptom subscale presents poorer psychometric properties. Overall, this French version of the SCARED-R, which include 51 items, seems to be a valid tool to assess anxiety disorder symptoms among children and adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Auto-efficacité perçue pour la pratique d'une activité physique: Adaptation et validation francophone du Exercise Confidence Survey. / Perceived self-efficacy for practicing physical activity: Adaptation and validation of the French Exercise Confidence Survey.
The Exercise Confidence Survey is a questionnaire measuring self-efficacy for engaging in regular physical activity. Sallis (1996) has identified two dimensions within the Exercise Confidence Survey: sticking to it and making time for exercise . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of this questionnaire. Two hundred ninety-three volunteers filled in the French version of the Exercise Confidence Survey. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor model proposed by Sallis (1996). However, we also found a best-fit two-factor model in which one item of each original dimension proposed by Sallis actually was allocated to the other dimension. Finally, self-efficacy is significantly associated with the other components of transtheoretical model (TTM): stages of change, decisional balance, and processes of change. These results demonstrate that the French version of the Exercise Confidence Survey exhibits satisfactory internal consistency and can be validly applied to a French-speaking population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement - Vol 44, Iss 1